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SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Effects: Multi-Organ Damage through Oxygen Radicals
Debatosh Datta1, Rajveer Singh2, Ravichandiran Velayutham2, Arka Bhattacharya2, Ujjwayini Ray3, Sarbani Dasgupta3, Soma Dutta3, Aditi Saha4, Debabrata Roy4, Srinika Ghosh4, Somasundaram Arumugam2, Pallab Datta2, NK Ganguly5
1 Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Department of Lab Services, Apollo Multi-Speciality Hospital; Department of Biochemistry, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Budge-Budge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2 Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
3 Department of Lab Services, Apollo Multi-Speciality Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
4 Department of Biochemistry, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Budge-Budge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
5 Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation, New Delhi, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Debatosh Datta
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/am.am_122_22
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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection leads to two-layered pathology in time (a) immediate pathology and recovery or fatal ending and (b) long periods of remission followed by unexplained clinical expressions involving one or more systems with various clinical presentations, even leading to loss of lives. Among the common causative factors affecting nearly all organs and systems, oxygen radicals and oxygen-derived species (ROS) should rank conclusively on top. Objective: This clinical report, part of a community screening of unexplained clinical outcomes in post-COVID presentation, carries findings focusing on ROS production and possible ROS-induced damages. Materials and Methods: Flow cytometry was used to quantify the samples' total ROS, superoxide production, and apoptosis quantification. Results: Observations indicate unexplained nearly uniform enhanced ROS production in all these long COVID subjects, although clinical presentations varied from no complaints to the requirement of advanced interventions. Conclusion: Causative factors leading to raised oxygen-derived toxic intermediaries (ROS) in initiating these variable long COVID presentations are ill-understood yet possibly merit mass screenings and possible intense anti-oxidative therapy given that such antioxidant therapy through oral medications led to rapid lowering of ROS production and improvement of clinical presentations.
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